THE span of control is a fundamental concept in organisational management, yet it is often overlooked or misunderstood. In simple terms, it refers to the number of employees who report directly to ...

A flat structure is an organisational structure with only a few layers of management. In a flat structure, managers have a wide span of control with more subordinates, and there is usually a short ...

Modern organizations face a crippling design flaw: each new management layer adds weeks to decision cycles and millions in costs, while trapping critical ...

Bandiera, Oriana, Andrea Prat, Raffaella Sadun, and Julie Wulf. "Span of Control and Span of Attention." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-053, December 2011. (Revised April 2014.) ...