They compared adult spiny ants to the same species in the pupa stage. Like common black ants, the adult spiny ants contained formic acid. In contrast, the pupa did not contain formic acid ...

Besides initiating their nests much like the temporary social parasites, the slave-makers also raid other ant colonies to steal the brood (Figure 3). The pilfered larvae and pupae that are not ...

Velvet ants have a parasitoid lifestyle, laying their eggs on the defenceless pupae of other insects such as solitary ground-nesting wasps, although there is a diversity of hosts across the whole ...