The Mediterranean Sea, today a glimmering cradle of civilizations, was once a huge, parched desert. Salt flats shimmered ...

Of the heavy metals spewed by dying stars, the astronomers were particularly interested in iron-60. That’s because iron-60 is ...

Our planet’s first known mass extinction happened about 440 million years ago. Species diversity on Earth had been increasing over a period of roughly 30 million years, but that would come to a halt ...

The study also provides a new approach to solving one of the biggest enduring scientific mysteries: when did plate tectonics begin?

A little over 5 million years ago, water from the Atlantic Ocean found a way through the present-day Strait of Gibraltar.

A little over 5 million years ago, water from the Atlantic Ocean found a way through ... the so-called Zanclean megaflood would be the largest single flood recorded on Earth. But extraordinary claims ...

had been used as evidence to support the theory that plate tectonics started nearly as soon as Earth had solid ground — roughly 4 billion years ago. "That's probably a flawed argument now ...

Over two hundred fifty million years ago, India, Africa ... the collision of India with Asia we must first look beneath the Earth's surface. The continents are carried by the Earth's tectonic ...

Precambrian time covers the vast bulk of the Earth's history, starting with the planet's creation about 4.5 billion years ... around two billion years ago. About 800 million years ago, oxygen ...