The neural foramen (spinal foramen) are small holes on the sides of the backbone that are passageways for the spinal nerves. The holes can get tight or narrow due to conditions like arthritis ...

neural foramen, and posterior cortex did not rise above 45°C. In the stage 2 experiment, in which bone cement leaked into the spinal canal, the peak average temperature of these areas was 59°C ...

Lumbar stenosis is a common spinal condition that affects millions of people, particularly older adults. It occurs when the spinal canal located in the lower back experiences narrowing, putting ...

In the second stage, a model (n = 6) simulating bone cement leaking into the spinal canal was designed ... cortex was 42.4 ± 2.2°C; at the neural foramen 39.5 ± 2.1°C; at the posterior ...